Tuesday, October 18, 2016

TTU Can Do Better

TTU Can Do Better

Being at Texas Tech University for five years, I think that a lot of things could be improved in the Texas Tech University community. In my opinion, the most important three things that we should work on are: students respecting their instructors, graduate students thinking about their goals, and the whole university community sorting and recycling waste.


First, I would like to push the students to respect their instructors. Attendance of the undergraduate students is problematic, since they sometimes do not come to classes or do not inform the instructors about their absences. In addition, some students leave classes early. Even if instructors are taking attendance, there are students who leave classes immediately after they sign the attendance sheet. Instructors respect students’ time and let them leave on time when the class ends. On the other hand, students should also respect instructors’ time and not leave the class early intentionally. Besides, some students do not care about their grades; some other students care about their grades, but they do not want to actually do the work, so they come up with excuses and intend to miss exams. Many students play on cellphones, check Facebook, text their friends, chat with each other, or sleep during class. As a part-time instructor, I hope that my students can do well in my courses. And I believe that students are the people who would be benefited the most if they respect their instructors.


Second, I would like to push graduate students to think about their goals. A lot of students are going to graduate school nowadays. I suggest graduate students, especially the students who are in doctoral programs, sit down and think what their goals are. Why do they go to graduate school? What do they want to do after getting their degree? Do they like research? Do they like teaching? It is possible that graduate school is a waste of time or at least not the best use of their time if they do not like to do research or teaching. It might be even harder for them to find a job after they get a doctoral degree compared to after they get a master’s degree. One of my friends, who was doing a Ph.D. in Psychology for three years, was contacted by her advisor to inquire whether she likes to do research or not. After thinking deeply and realizing that she does not like research, she decided to graduate with a master’s degree. She is working at a kindergarten and teaching children Chinese now. She told me that she loves her job very much and she is very grateful to her advisor. Another friend of mine was in graduate school for ten years. He finally realized that it is “dangerous” to be in graduate school for such a long time and decided to work on graduation while he was looking for a job. Graduate school is enjoyable and valuable when students have clear goals.


Third, I would like to push the university community to be more aware of sorting and recycling waste. I think the university community is wasting a lot of resources. We need to carry out campaigns of classified garbage recovery and utilization in campus. This can not only economize resources, but also enhance the consciousness of environmental protection of students. Some students and faculty members might want to sort and recycle waste, but they do not have the environment supporting them. To fix this problem, I suggest that we put separate trash cans for different types of trash, so that it is convenient for students and faculty to sort waste and it also makes recycling easy. Thinking green should be an everyday habit. Instead of just planting some trees in Arbor Day, we should take care of our earth every day starting from little things.


In conclusion, respect from undergraduate students, objectives of graduate students, and recycling of waste are the most important three things that we desperately need to work on. None of these can be pushed without the support and cooperation of students, faculty and administrators. The first and the most important thing is to realize the problems before we solve the problems. After we begin to work on these problems, it might be hard to see a quick result at first. However, as long as we keep pushing the university community, we will see great returns in the long run. (Yu Hua)






Give international students more chance to communicate

 TTU ICC should hold coffee hour for international students
          I am an international student studying at Texas Tech University (TTU), which is a big university with different students from different countries and different cultures. However, the truth is, for the most time, I am surrounded by American classmates and American culture. And among them, not all of them want to make friends with international people. I want to meet more international students with different cultures or American students with interest in making friends with international students. But I do not find any good environment here for us international students to know each other. TTU International Culture Center (ICC), which defines itself as an organization to promote international culture communication, should take the responsibility to provide international students or Americans interested in foreign culture a place to really sit down and chat with each other; coffee hour, for example, is a good excuse.
             Firstly, it enhances cultural communication. Different international students have different cultural backgrounds. Coffee hour will give us opportunity to chat with other foreigners; for example, I could ask an Arabic girl why she always wears a facecloth; I could ask an Indian student about their religious belief; or I could ask South Americans how they celebrate New Year. It will be so awesome to know others’ cultures and traditions. Also, I will talk with them about Chinese culture, like how Chinese celebrate festivals, and the fairy tales behind them, Chinese history and some best places to go in China. Each of us will be a window to let other people see into us.
          Secondly, it provides us a chance to make new friends. Florida State University has coffee hour, and I always went there when I did my master’s there. We usually sat around a table and introduced ourselves. We shared funny stories from our own countries or stories that had happened to us in the US. Actually we all had similar problems of culture shock in the US. This communication let me know I am not the only one not feeling adaptable in the beginning of my life here. In the end, we usually left our contact information or became friends on Facebook. Some of the friends, we hang out even after coffee hour. After I left Florida, we still kept contact.
            Thirdly, it is a really good way to relax. For us international students, we do not really have many ways to relax ourselves. Coffee hours could be held on Friday afternoon when everyone is ready to loosen up after working hard for a week. For me, I was a research assistant in the lab and did not really have a chance to talk with people. People in coffee hour are very affable. I enjoy taking a cup of coffee and sitting beside a table with everyone with smiles on their faces. 
            In summary, international coffee hour is really worthy to be held based on the three reasons I gave above. It also helps new international students adapt to their new life in the US and probably feel a sense of belonging.
(Rui Liu) 

Sunday, October 16, 2016

Push the community- Cheng-Ta Cho



Reduction the damage of the flood
Floods in Texas is always a serious problem when the rain seasons coming. From my personal experience, I encounter several times of flood even though the rain is not much. I am wondering why this situation would happen again and again. As a result, I compare Lubbock with my hometown, Taiwan since Taiwan rains far more than Lubbock, but only when Typhoon comes, it would flood. Besides the dissimilarity of the terrain, the biggest difference is that Lubbock lacks of the complete drainage system but in Taiwan, we have drainage system everywhere. I would like to push the government, schools or people to take some actions in order to prevent this from happening repeatedly.

First of all, the government should take seriously about this problem because I believe that flood in Texas is not the recent event. Every year, many people die because of the serious flood This problem has existed for a long time, so why the government can just leave alone of it? Therefore, I have to push the government to solve this problem as soon as possible. I would suggest that the government design a complete drainage system for the whole Texas so that Texans do not need to worry about the floods. The drainage system is an important infrastructure for people and it is not something that government can cut the budget on. After solving this problem, the government can gain some credits and reputation. It is a win-win policy, the government has no reasons not to do it.

Although schools may lack the budget to build the drainage system in their schools, they can still make efforts on the floods problem. Take my school, Texas Tech University as an example. When the heavy rain comes, the campus would no doubt be flooded. It is unbelievable that I cannot find a road to walk since each road is full of water. Many students included me has no way but walk across the water which is really dangerous especially when you fall down. Besides, many cars break down in the middle of the road because of the floods and it causes lots of traffic. In my opinion,  schools can at least use some tools to remove some stagnant water when the rain is small. Although it cannot totally solve this problem, at least it can reduce the damage that floods cause.
Lastly, I think people can also do something to prevent from life loss or financial loss. I think I am able to give some advice on this topic since I am the person who experiences many times of typhoon hits on Taiwan. The first thing is that staying at home while knowing the rainstorm is coming. Before the rainstorms come, it is better to go to a supermarket to buy some food, necessities for the emergency. If you have a garage, parking your car inside it to avoid engine from sinking into the water. Also, you can put the water bar in front of your house to keep the water out of the courtyard.

In conclusion, although flooding is a problem, it is not insolvable. If we want to solve this problem, government, schools, people should play their roles in fulfilling different duties. Only by cooperating with each other, we can be reduced the damage to the least amount.
(Cheng-Ta Cho)



               

Monday, September 26, 2016

Sports Essays

002 Essays

Why Cricket is Better than Baseball

Cricket is a team sport having eleven players on each side. The game looks similar to baseball, but almost all the rules are different from it. Although cricket is not just a sport but a religion in India (my home country), most Americans do not have any clue about it. Having followed both the sports, I strongly feel that cricket is better than baseball in many ways. Cricket requires significantly more skill than baseball. Unlike baseball, where the batter usually tries to hit in front of him, in cricket a batsman can place the ball anywhere around a 360 degree arc, clearly showcasing more dexterity. In baseball, the batter receives the ball typically in a specified area, and then it is all about his strength and timing. As an observer, I feel it is more of a mechanical phenomenon. Batting in cricket is more about craftsmanship. In cricket the ball bounces off a pitch, which can be dusty, dead, fast, bouncy or a green top, so it becomes challenging for a batsman. Fast bowlers bowl at ninety miles an hour and make the leather ball swing in both ways. Bowlers often bowl onto its seam in order to produce deviations. Slow bowlers and spinners have the art of spinning the ball in more than one direction. This makes life difficult for a batsman who has to rely on hand and eye co-ordination and in the last fraction of a second decide which shot to play.

The game of cricket is physically more challenging. The ball used in cricket is half an ounce heavier and harder than the one used in baseball. In baseball all the players in the fielding team have gloves on to catch the ball. In cricket the wicket-keeper standing behind the stumps (similar to a catcher in baseball) is the only player of the fielding team who has gloves. Other fielders do not have protective gear, which makes catching the ball a tough skill to master. Also fielding is more tiring in cricket, as fielders need to move every time to stop the ball which comes at pace. Test cricket can go up to five days (each day has almost 6 hours of game time) so fielding can be exhausting at times. In baseball the pitchers simply throw the ball standing from one position. Bowlers in cricket run about fifty meters each time, rotating their arm completely, to deliver the ball. On an average a baseball player runs a quarter mile every game compared to cricketers who run over 4 miles.

Cricket is better because it requires a highly developed thinking process integrated with sports skills. Cricket is an outdoor sport but a lot of the game happens in the minds of the players. The battle between a batsman and a bowler involves lot of strategic planning. Bowlers try not to allow the batsman to settle. The batsman constantly tries to read the pitch and the mindset of the bowler. Sledging is also a part of the game and clever cricketers use it on several occasions. They try to perturb the batsman’s concentration, which can cost him his wicket. Imran Khan, ex-cricketer turned politician and one of the legends of the game, said, “Of all the sports I have followed, the captain plays the most crucial role in cricket.” Depending on situations, the captain of the side needs to switch roles. On occasions he has to patiently trust his players and get the best out of them. On the other hand, he has to be street smart and make unconventional moves.

Clearly, cricket is a better sport than baseball, and that’s what makes it more compelling. A cricketer has to be a blend of talent and genius. He has to be rugged and athletic, and possess good reflexes. His presence in the field is not just physical, but he has to constantly keep planning. The most watched baseball games have around 60 million viewers. In contrast, the 2011 Cricket World Cup semifinal between India and Pakistan attracted around 988 million viewers. (Abhishek)

Importance of Sports

Nowadays, over dependence on technology has declined the rate of sports activity among the young generation as well as the elder. That’s why various psychological along with physical problems are evolving so fast that it has become a major concern for the societies. To deal with this problem, sports (e.g. physical activity where competition among people is involved), may play a vital role to defend. There are various kinds of sports, like: Soccer, Football, Cricket etc. which are played among groups of people, whereas; some of the sports are played between two individuals, like: - fencing, judo etc. Nevertheless, some people think that sports is only intended for recreational purposes. In fact, it is very important for physical development as well as psychological nourishment too. Therefore, we need to acknowledge the multifarious significances of sports in our life.

In the modern day, too much obsession in the virtual world is one of the main causes for the reduction of sports activity among the new generation. On the contrary, this virtual world fascination is responsible for various ominous sides. For instance, many virtual games involve murder, which may have the negative impacts on morality. It may damage the mind of young children so that their capability of distinguishing between real and virtual world becomes vague. As they don’t live in the real world, they can commit various crimes. Besides, too much involvement in the virtual world may cause headaches, nausea etc. to these people. In addition, some parents think that sports hamper the studies and they don’t allow their children to play outside. However, these children are very unlucky because, medical analysis says that these children are more prone to anxiety, distress etc. In comparison to these children, the children who are raised having participated in sports on a daily basis, are more successful in their future life due to ability of handling the stress and anxiety. Those sport children are more likely smarter than others, as they can manage time efficiently and they learn with joy from playing various types of sports. As a matter of fact, sport serves recreational purpose along with psychological nourishment for not only the children but also to the elders.

Sport can be an efficient tool for tackling obesity. Obesity was not a major issue in past days, as people were more likely to work outside which required physical involvement. But, this phenomenon has become a burning question for mankind in recent days. In fact, now obesity is treated as a disease by medical scientists. Therefore, lots of money is now currently being invested to get rid of this onerous disease. On the contrary, researchers have determined that the protection from this disease require both diet control and physical activity. Hence, sport is an excellent source of physical activity which necessitate movement of every part of the body with mental refreshment. It helps people to build up muscular growth as well as enhancement of daily chore activities. Additionally, it betters the heart, inhalation etc., which accelerates peoples’ daily activity. Not only does it assist people to control the cholesterol level, lipid level, glucose level etc., but also, sports help people to eliminate dizziness, weakness etc. It always charms people which is excellent for regular work. In this way, sport ensure sound and fit body with happiness and joy for the people.

Sports helps people to grow various qualities like: leadership, patience, personality etc. which are very important to learn for dwelling in the practical world. Statistics have shown that the people who love to take part in the sports, are more comfortable working in a team. That is because, sports not only bring competitiveness, but also it creates an excellent opportunity to endure with different peoples’ personality and mentality. Along with these qualities, good temperament also develops among sports people, as they need to work with a variety of peoples. They can adapt in a hostile environment which increases the endurance quality. Not only that, sport can teach them to tackle any problem in various aspects, as it enhances their points of view. Last but not least, good sports-person become generally good strategists, which assists them in dealing with the practical problems more efficiently.

In conclusion, we should respect the importance of sports in our daily lives as children and as parents too. Sports always ensure the physical development as well as the psychological aid. Hence, all of the institutions (e.g. personal, state etc.) should take the responsibility to persuade people of the significance of it. In accordance, government should encourage people by providing the ground facilities and the equipment required. As well, the medical representatives should make people aware by promoting the role of sports in our lives. In this way, we will be able to ensure a healthy and sound life. Written by: Minhaz

Essay

Sports in general are part of entertainment but as they become professional competition the story is little different. Focusing on sports which involve team effort are entertaining and generate higher revenue for the competitions organizers from tickets like soccer. In soccer competitions like Barclays Premier League and UEFA Champions League, there is a trend of selecting the best soccer player annually depending on their performance. Perks of being selected are huge apart from the award; players earn a lot of money prize and sponsorship deals. But I believe that soccer is a team game and I would like to provide few reasons to support why awards should be for the team effort rather than for individual effort.

Soccer is played by eleven players, so there is not a single player responsible for better performance but the whole team. Moreover, the individual awards focus on mostly who scored the most goals in a year. But I think it is unfair to the other team players who make a team effort to create a chance for the goal scorer to score. For example, a defender has to stay in his own half most of the time to defend, and his job focuses only on defense rather than scoring. But he has equal contribution as goal scorer, as he is the savior of the team. Same applies to the goal keeper who has to stay in the designated box in his own half, so he barely gets a chance to score a goal.

Individual awards send wrong message to the prospective youth players by motivating them for the positions only which get awarded. If they see only strikers getting praised or awarded they will get motivated to play only those positions. This can be detrimental to the youth team development in soccer, because they will have a shortage of players for equally important positions. This can lead to bad level of quality of gameplay in the future. Furthermore, some players are suited for specific positions, and if they are motivated for the positions they see getting praised, this can be harmful to their careers because they might not be as successful in those positions as compared to what they are suited to.

Individual awards also result in financial disparity between players. Statistically, players who play in striker positions get higher salary as compared to players who play for defensive positions. This is because the individual awards lead to an increase in fame of these players in the media which develops interest from a lot of clubs for these players. Due to higher demand of the striker position players, the bids are higher for them to be acquired. Subsequently strikers benefit with higher salaries as compared to the players in different positions. I feel this is unfair for one player to be paid a higher amount for doing the same amount of work.

Considering all these aspects in to account, Individual praise leads to disturbing the quality of the game, and demotivation among the fellow players about their playing positions. It develops a scarcity of youth trying for different positions and eventually can result in bad careers for them. Quality of game is hampered with players not playing the positions they are best suited with. I feel in team games the awards should be team focused rather than an individual focused to improve the quality and equality in the game. (Pradeep Vyawahare)

Why is American football not popular outside of US.?

Every year in September, when the season of American football begins, on Saturday, thousands of fans leaving their home, wearing the shirt of their home team, watch football either on TV or live. American football is deeply rooted in American culture and is the most popular sport in the US. However, outside of US, almost no country plays American football. American’s failure to sell its football to the world has reasons.

The first idea that comes to my mind is that it is very expensive to play American football. Players are prone to getting injured due to its fierce body confrontation. So high expenses spent on apparel, helmet and gloves are very necessary. This high investment limits its popularization to the rest of the world, especially to the people in undeveloped countries. In contrast, soccer is very cheap, because all you need is just a several-dollar ball, which makes it accessible to almost everyone.

Secondly, the rules of American football are very complicated. Even though I went to the scene to watch the game twice, and my friend tirelessly explained it to me, I still do not quite understand its rules. Gradually I lost my interest. People are impatient to sit down and spend hours to figure out all the rules; once they find it confusing, they will quickly lose interest. But the rules for soccer are pretty simple and straightforward; just kick the ball inside the net. So people find it easier to watch this game.

Thirdly, American football needs a high requirement of players’ physical quality. Players need to have good talent, like speed, quick response, power and feeling to catch the ball. Soccer, however, does not have this strict demand. You can be a soccer super star if you spend lots of time improving your skills, even if you are not that strong. For example, Messi, a top soccer player in the world, gets his name not because of his excellent physical quality (actually he is just about 170cm) but because of his amazing skills. Asians, compared to the White and Black people, do not have strong physical condition and will also say ‘no’ to American football.

In summary, if a game is to be popular all over the world, it has to be accessible to most people. American football, due to its expensive input of equipment, complicated rules and high demand of physical condition for players, shuts the door for most of people in the world. (Rui Liu)

Sports and Women in Iran

Although Iran is one of the oldest countries in the Middle East, with a long history in practicing sports, the role of women in sports has been trivial throughout history. Historic paintings render men wrestling and weightlifting, but women are not depicted in such paintings. Participation in sports and physical activities is mostly limited to men in Iran, meaning it is not necessitated or encouraged for women. The root of this limitation is mainly cultural and religious, and turns back to the thought of women as the part of society which should not be seen. As a result, educational system, sports policy and investment sources are shadowed by this strong ideology and women have a small role in the sports world in Iran.

Based on culture and religion, participating in activities related to sports is not encouraged for women; on the other hand, women, as the suppressed section of Iranian society, are aligned with the dominant thought, and are reluctant to participate in sports professionally. Limited participation in sports for women is supported by the government, since physical activities are not introduced well in the educational system for women and are not to be taken seriously in girl schools. While sports hour is not considered a real class in girl schools by school officials, girls too, don’t show any interest in taking it seriously. I remember that while I was in school we used to sit in class and do our homework in the hours that were specified for physical activity, and we had no problem doing so. There were a few girls who played soccer or volleyball in physical activity time, but those few were considered less feminine by the rest of the girls.

The influence of culture and religion on women’s sports, is far beyond indoctrinating girls in educational system. One other area, which has been deeply influenced by culture and religion, is sports policy against women. One of these policies, restricts presence of women in sport events associated with men. Soccer is the most popular sport in Iranian society, but women are not allowed to go to the stadiums to watch the games; so not only does women’s involvement in sports have a lot of shortcomings, but even their participation as viewers is hindered. Another law prevents woman from traveling outside of the country without the permission of husband or father. Because of this rule an Iranian athlete, the captain of the Iranian soccer team, could not go to an Asian soccer championship; her husband refused to sign her papers and her team left without her.

In addition to cultural and political obstacles which make practicing sports harder for women, there is a third factor, and that is insufficient investment for the women’s sport sector. There has always been discrimination in allocating funds for women’s activities section, but after heavy sanctions on Iran, even that little budget got diminished. For instance, there was no budget for the female players to take their coaches with them to the recent Asian championship games. Insufficient investment in women’s sport sector, has led to losing incentives among Iranian female athletes for getting better at what they do.

Women’s sport has been generally neglected and strictly been influenced by cultural, political and economic barriers. However in the past recent years, a new and growing trend has started, which will hopefully ameliorate women’s sport condition in Iran. This new trend has led to considerable growth in the number of gyms and recreational facilities for women. As an immediate result, there was a rise in the number of women sent to Olympics’ this year, and the first gold medal for women was also earned in these competitions. (Sahar)

Don’t Play Sports Without Partners

There are a lot of factors that are important in sports. In my opinion, partners are the most essential factor in sports. People need good partners or mentors to do well in sports for the following three reasons: fun, safety, and skill development.

First, partners make sports fun. Some sports require partners to play with obviously. For example, for badminton, tennis, and table-tennis, a player needs another player to play with. For soccer and football, what is the fun if you are playing by yourself and nobody is trying to get the ball from you? Even in sports that don’t require partners, there is still an advantage. For example, for jogging, a partner might know some different running routes if you are tired of the same old ones.

Second, partners make you safer while doing sports. If you bike by yourself on a mountain, you might get lost or be attacked by black bears. However, biking together with other bikers, you could share food and water with each other, chat while resting, figure out the road together, or ask for help when in danger. Another good example would be skiing; it takes a long time to get up if you fall on the snow since you need to take off your skis, stand up, and put back on your skis. But you can stand up easily if there is someone helping you. Also, a beginner might hit a tree and get hurt or pass out. In this case, at least your partner can notice that you have disappeared, search for you and bring you to the medical center in the resort.

Third, partners bring out the best in you. Good partners learn from, compete with and teach each other. The Malaysia badminton player and triple silver medalist at the Olympic Games, Lee Chong Wei, said that he thinks of Lin Dan, who is a two-time Olympic champion from China, every day and practices very hard so that he is able to beat him one day. Lin Dan is the only person that can make Lee Chong Wei keep practicing and play better. These two players became lifelong friends and made each other live up to each’s fullest potential. They even exchanged their T-shirts after their last Olympic game. When I first started to play badminton, I could not hit one shuttlecock over the net. Several of us learned from our coach, who was on the national team of Vietnam. He taught us how to serve, get high birdies and low birdies, and cooperate with each other. He made us feed birdies to each other, help each other practice, and play with each other. We also participated in a badminton tournament and tried to beat each other. It was a lot of fun to have a good coach and hard-working peers. Now we still play together a lot even though the coach is not with us.

In summary, a good partner, who could be a teacher, a student, and a lifelong friend, helps you do sports better and enjoy sports a lot more. Some of you might ask, “How can we get good partners?” Some people are lucky enough to have good partners already. But if you are not one of these people, you can go ahead and join an athletic club. We have a lot of different sports clubs at Texas Tech University, and if you join one of the clubs, you can use equipment, practice, and make a lot of great friends who could possibly be your sport’s partner in the future. (Yu Hua)

Sports cheating

The Rio Olympics are over. It’s an interesting thing that we noticed a smaller group of Russia’s contingent of Olympians showing up in the Rio opening ceremony because of the ban of over 100 Russian athletes for drug cheating. This is my most worrying news about cheating in sports since Lance Armstrong, who was seven-time champion of Tour de France, lost his title after testing positive to drug use. Cheating in sports is prevalent across the world nowadays. On my part, three factors contribute to drug cheating in sports; gain, testing drawbacks and team effort.

Firstly, winning in sports can bring athletes fame and fortune. Incredible rewards including salary, bonus and endorsements would stimulate athletes to be top players. For example, a mid-class basketball player in the NBA earns around 5 million dollars annually, while the top player, take Kobe Bryant as the example, can make over 100 million per year! And hence, some athletes decided to use drugs to gamble for a prize. Besides, physical limits of human beings become an obstacle to success. If the return is so profitable and you cannot breakthrough Mother Nature on your own, why not cheat?

Secondly, drug testing is not always in time. On one hand, it takes time for stored urine samples to be detected as cheating. Some cheating winners already enjoyed the huge payoff before they were exposed as drug cheaters. On the other hand, it takes time for some medicine to show up on the official banned list. The result of a race competed between “cheater” and “tester” is dependent on the updates of testing technology. “Time lag” of drug testing induces those “up to no good” persons to take the risk of cheating in games.

Thirdly, cheating behavior can be prompted by management team. I can't image an athlete could get forbidden drugs without permission from support team. The management team, including coach, trainer and doctor, are the most familiar persons who monitor almost everything of an athlete. They would know the truth on the first time when a sportsman breaks rules and uses drugs. So, cheating in sports is not barely a personal responsibility, it’s a team effort.

Obviously, cheating in sports shames the spirit of sports as well as themselves. Fortunately, most cheaters we heard about in the sport field finally get paid for their behavior. High risk of lift-time suspensions and steep fines are waiting for cheating athletes. Some team managers have been banned and lost their reputation. The penalty of cheating symbolically alert every athlete, at least, to value the integrity of fair competition. (Tianyu)

Sports

In the American history, there are four popular sports which are baseball, basketball, football, and ice hockey. Among them, I prefer basketball to another sports. Before telling why I like basketball, I would like talking about the history of the basketball. Basketball was invented by Dr. James Naismith, who is physical education instructor. At that time, the weather was harsh in Massachusetts; students could not play outdoor sports. On the Christmas Eve, he came out this sports which is actually basketball today. After that, basketball becomes more and more popular over the world. People are crazy about watching games and playing basketball, and I am no exception. The following are three reasons why I like basketball.

First of all, basketball can be played indoor or outdoor that is really convenient. Among all four sports I mention earlier, only basketball can complete this task. For example, baseball and football court are not possible being built indoor because of the space. Since ice hockey game should be held on the ice, it is obvious that we cannot move court from indoor to the outdoor because of the weather. Basketball can be played anywhere if there is a basketball stands.

Besides, sports games always make people feel excited; however, the problem of some ball games is that the game is too long to make people’s enthusiasm lasts for the whole game. I had gone to basketball, baseball, football game and according to my experience, basketball can be finished around 2.5 hours which is acceptable to me. If the ball game lasts for a long time, I may feel asleep.

Lastly, basketball fulfils my need even though I am just alone. In my free time, I would ask my friends to play basketball together. If they are busy, I still can play by myself or with strangers in the court. On the contrary, this cannot be said of other sports. For instance, if you just want to play throwing and catch the baseball or football, you would at least need two people and needless to say a game. Ice hockey court is necessary for playing that sport and also need many players.

In conclusion, basketball court is not difficult to find, basketball can be played by one person or many people, as well as the duration of the basketball game can allow fans to feel excited for the whole game. These are the main reasons I am into basketball. Because of so many positive points, I would suggest everyone try this sport at least. (Cheng Ta)

How Basketball Influences My Happiness

It is quite obvious that happiness is influenced by many different factors. Many people consider sport an important factor, especially basketball. It is well-known to us that the sport of basketball is a fun pastime for any person young or old. As for me, basketball is a great way to exercise and a great way to have fun with friends and possibly make some new ones. From my perspective, basketball and happiness, two different things in definition, have combined together and created more and more happiness in my life.

Watching an exciting basketball game will undoubtedly encourage my passion and make me happy. I firmly believe that basketball is fun to watch, because when I watch it I can add the moves I see the professionals perform to my style of play. I have learned many moves from professional basketball players. During games, players play a variety of tricks, which makes the games much more exciting and amazing. My favorite player to watch is Steve Nash. He is a famous athlete although he is currently retired. Nash can do anything and he knows how to play well in shooting and passing the ball. Therefore, Nash makes the basketball game much more enjoyable and exciting to watch because of his acrobatic shots. I want to play like him, and I continue to learn many play tricks from Nash.

Taking part in a basketball game and getting success are elixirs to my diseases. During my postgraduate period, our school held a basketball competition. Our class had entered into the semi-final and I was the main attack point because I was the tallest player on my team. On the day of semi-final, the players of our team, besides me, went to the field. But as soon as I saw the members of the other team, I knew that it would be a hard match, because two of the players on their team were members of college basketball team. The match started. To my disappointment, I wasn’t playing well, and I was followed by one of the college basketball members on their team at every pace. Every shout, I couldn’t get the point. I was anxious and worried. Unfortunately, we were ten points behind when we came to a stop. But just at that time, I just told myself that I should focus on match and keep shouting no matter how many points we were behind. When the match started again, my passion was burning, and I kept shooting, defending, and getting the rebound. At the last minute, we were still two points behind. I shot a three point ball decisively. I didn’t know the reason why I decided to shoot a three point ball, because I was not good at three point ball. However, I just did it. Goal! What an amazing shot. We won this game. Although we were tired and exhausted, we held each other in excitement.

Throughout my basketball career, I believe that basketball makes me happy and make my life better than before, because I have gained benefits and advantages through playing basketball. First of all, basketball contributes to my body health and helps me to have a pleasant mood. It can alleviate the pressure when I study and work at the same time. Furthermore, basketball is a team sport, which can not only help me to improve the ability of coordination and make me conscious of teamwork, but also let us know what responsibility is. I believe it is very important in work. Besides, I can make some new friends during the games. That makes me feel very good, because interpersonal relationships are really important nowadays. Finally, the most important reason is that it helps me to keep healthy. It is well-known that good health is the guarantee for the job. I can’t do anything, if I am unhealthy. It is the premise of a bright future.

Based on the reason mentioned above, I firmly believe that basketball is a great method to express myself. It is a sport that can encourage my passion. It is a sport that I can enjoy a good time with. It is a sport that can make me addictive. It is a sport that keeps happiness. (Yiting Dong)

Sunday, September 18, 2016

Parental Leave Summaries

Parental Leave Summaries

1. Summary

The article mainly discussed the current poor coverage of paid parental leave in the US and the reason. Though many big cities have begun to pay for parental leave recently, most employees in the US were still far from the welfare which had been distributed in nearly all developed countries for a long time. Actually, the municipal tradition of rejecting federal solutions while facing benefit issues should be responsible for the prolonged struggle in promoting paid parental leave. It is the tradition that gives employers a lot of freedom not to give money when their employees are in pregnancy. However, the tradition has been weakened gradually due to the long-lasting urge from females and the surprisingly increasing awareness from males. To be specific, the awareness from males plays an important role due to their relatively superior overall position in companies. Additionally, the result of tentative paid parental leave is far better than people expected. This year would make a difference. (Jin Hao)

Reference:
Kimmel, M. (2016). Why The U.S. will finally do something about paid parental leave this year. Fastcompany. Retrieved September 07, 2016, from https://www.fastcompany.com/3055288/the-future-of-work/why-paid-parental-leave-will-expand-in-2016

2. Summary

The article expressed the strong will and hope that many parents have for improving parental leave. Currently, the US is almost the only developed country showing ignorance to moms’ pledge, which is heartbroken. Only one eighth of employees are able to enjoy parental leave, and the overall quality of this kind of welfare is really low, compared with other developed countries. Three months’ paid parental leave seems long enough for most employees in the US, but even those with access to paid welfare meet problems when sending their babies to daycare. In this article, several moms reported that their babies left the world due to the lack of ensured parental leave. Probably their babies were too young to be totally cared by others such as daycare institutes in the daytime. Additionally, there are thousands of infants dying in the US per year, which attracts many parents’ attention and motivates them to start a petition finally. (Jin Hao)

Reference:
May, A. (2016). Moms whose infants died in day care petition for 6 months parental leave. USA Today. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/08/30/moms-whose-infants-died-day-care-petition-6-months-parental-leave/89582828/

3. Summary

The article presented one company’s novel trial of improving the paid parental leave. Other than simply protracting the length of former paid parental leave, the company gave equal rights to dads or any other family members regardless of age in need of caring infants. The change shows that welfare in this company would not be treated specially for gender or age, so women or old people wouldn’t be regarded as employees lacking enthusiasm if more companies choose to do that. In other words, discrimination against gender and age is being decreased. However, the new trial didn’t stop on the border of parental leave. It even provided the paid leave for various diseases that happened to an employee’s family member. The new trial deserves further spreading. (Jin Hao)

Reference:
McGregor, J. (2016). This new paid leave policy may be the smartest perk for families yet. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/ct-deloitte-paid-leave-policy-20160913-story.html

4. Summary

Susan Wojcicki was the first female employee of Google who received maternity leave. She went for maternity leave for the fifth time in her career since Google has started to join along with 5000 other women who will receive benefits for maternity leave. Google provides 18 weeks of paid maternity leave and Ms. Wojcicki believes that it is beneficial for the company and its employees, but also regrets that maternity leave is rare in the US, which lacks in providing benefits for pregnant women.

Ms. Wojcicki refers to the survey carried out by International Labor Organization of UN, which released a report mentioning that the US is the only one among the developed countries who don’t provide government-mandated maternity leave. Ignoring the developed criteria, US is among only two countries out of 185 surveyed countries to not provide this benefit. She also mentioned that The Family and Medical Act of 1993 is a step in the right direction but is still unable to provide benefit to half of concerned women in the US.

The effect of the absence of this benefit can be severe, like postpartum depression, less bonding with child, and lack of breastfeeding; these can cause infant illness, which results in treatment costs of billions of dollars yearly. The Center of Economic Policy and Research carried out a survey after California state established paid medical leave. The survey mentioned that 91% of employers reported boosted profits or had little effect. Also when Google increased maternity leave from 12 to 18 weeks paid back in 2007, The attrition rate among women dropped by 50%. According to Ms. Wojcicki, when women come back taking their time after pregnancy they come with broader insights and a sense of purpose which results in overall higher productivity. Like Google, the US should also act in the right direction to provide benefit for pregnant women as a matter of course. (Pradeep)

Reference:
Wojcicki S. (2014, December 16). Paid maternity leave is good for business. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from http://www.wsj.com/articles/susan-wojcicki-paid-maternity-leave-is-good-for-business-1418773756

5. Summary

Emily Peck from the Huffington Post believes that parental leave revolution is moving from tech companies to the banking sector. She mentions that tech companies like Facebook, Netflix and Spotify have raised the standards on maternity leave, which is putting pressure on the banking world for doing the same. Credit Suisse, a financial services company from Switzerland, has announced it will start offering US employees paid maternity leave for 20 weeks; previously they were offering 12 weeks paid and 8 weeks unpaid leave.

Emily Peck believes that it is the competition from tech companies that is responsible for this change we start to see now. Elizabeth Donnelly, head of Credit Suisse, has given a statement which says “We are no longer just competing with other financial services firms.” This statement gives the idea that the changes in maternity leave are because of the actions taken by tech companies.

Tech companies are responsible for revolutionizing the way things used to work. For example, Uber changed the taxi industry, and Netflix changed the way people watch television. But the way tech companies care for their employees who become new parents is not discussed often.

Women in the financial sector also face the same issues as women in tech companies. So maternity leave standards should also be similar; otherwise, in the financial sector the number of women will start to decrease. And in the upper management of the financial sector we see a scarcity of women reported by nonprofit organization named Catalyst. There is only one woman among thirteen people in one of the Credit Suisse’s regional offices. Credit Suisse also allows a man to take 20 weeks off if his wife has also taken maternity leave from her job. The action taken by Credit Suisse on maternity leave will greatly help parents to bond with their newborn babies. (Pradeep)

Reference:
Peck E. (2015, November 30). Parental leave revolution moves from tech to banking. Huffington Post. Retrieved September 13, 2016, from http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/tech-banking-parental-leave-revolution_us_565c70e8e4b072e9d1c26939

6. Summary

Beth Pinsker, a journalist from New York, talks about how parental leave is going gender neutral in his recent article. He mentions that most companies are making a way towards providing parental leave to fathers as well. Ms. Pinsker gives an example of an employee named Brian Cooksey who joined a tech startup in 2011 as a software developer and was not expecting benefit of parental leave, and also, his company did not think upon such policy. Cooksey was the first employee in that startup to expect a child later, and then his management contacted him for what should be the parental leave policy. Management asked him about 14 weeks paid leave which was a shock to him because he had been a father 3 times before, but his earlier employers never gave him these options.

According to US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission of 2014, parental leaves must be provided to both men and women. Some states like California and New Jersey mandate paid family leave. In tech sectors the policy of parental leave is moving in the right direction, but in other sectors there is still a need for work to be done. Ms. Pinsker mentions information given by Rich Fuerstenberg, a senior partner at a consultant company called Mercer, who called to a power company. The CEO of the power company gave a comment, “I am not paying for a dude to have a baby” when the idea of parental leave for the father was given to him.

Making gender-neutral policies are half the battle. The other half is that what message the leave-taking fathers get from their employers. Cooksey was earlier doubtful about the sincerity of the offer his company made. But later when he took the leave it was a good example that he had set for the future fathers at his company. (Pradeep)

Reference:
Pinsker B. (2016, September 14). As baby leaves go gender-neutral, dads get time off. Reuters. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://www.reuters.com/article/us-employment-benefits-parentalleave-idUSKCN11K2QO

7. Summary 1

According to Tom Starner’s article in HRDIVE, parental leave in the the U.S. is worse compared to the rest of the world. People are under great pressure, due to the highly competitive working environment. This situation forces women to make a choice, family or work. A study conducted by 2012 Labor Dept. shows that 23% of polled women take parental leave for less than two weeks. This issue has been recognized and many parental leave benefits have been promoted. But real changes can only happen when the federal government makes a law to force states or companies to obey. (Rui Liu)

Reference

Starner, T. (2016, August 16). US paid maternity leave policy continues to lag. HRDIVE. Retrieved on September 8, 2016 from http://www.hrdive.com/news/us-paid-maternity-leave-policy-continues-to-lag/424482/

8. Summary 2

Asheley May wrote in USA Today with the title ‘Moms whose infants died in day care petition for 6 months parental leave’. The author gave two infant death cases in daycare; one happened to a 15-week-old baby and another happened to an 11-week-old baby. Both are due to their mothers’ not having enough time for parental leave to take care of their babies. According to a report of National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, infant death is easy to occur before they reach 6 months. However, the Family Medical Leave Act only provides 12-week leave, which forces many families to return to work very soon, and they have to send their babies to daycare when their babies are most vulnerable. And daycare is clearly not the best option for these very young babies compared to the care from their parents. So these moms and many other people signed the petition for at least 6 months parental leave. (Rui Liu)

Reference:
May, A. (2016, August 30). Moms whose infants died in day care petition for 6 months parental leave. USA Today. Retrieved on September 13, 2016 from http://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation-now/2016/08/30/moms-whose-infants-died-day-care-petition-6-months-parental-leave/89582828

9. Summary 3

Jacquie Bluethmann discussed the importance of paternity leave in MetroParent Daily. To the newborn children, the importance of dads’ involvement is not less than moms’. Dads have the right to enjoy once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and develop connections with their infants. Also, as women go through a very hard time to deliver a baby, they need men’s support, both ‘physically and emotionally’ as described by the author. But the reality is very few dads take paternity leave or cut the time. The reasons are, first it is not common for dads to take 12-week leave as women; they do not want other people to think they are weak; another reason is they get pressure from the company; their employer may not feel happy. Although men also get job-protected by the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) like women, they have lots of eligibility criteria to meet, and they are not guaranteed to get paid during their leave. All these reasons force men to take less or no paternity leave. (Rui Liu)

Reference:
Bluethmann, J. (2016, September 8). Dads and paternity leave: Why they should take it. MetroParent Daily. Retrieved on September 15, 2016 from http://www.metroparent.com/daily/parenting/parenting-issues-tips/dads-and-paternity-leave-why-they-should-take-it

10. Summary

Jenny Dearborn starts her column in USA TODAY (2016) on parental leave with a riddle: “What gets bigger but never really increases?” and she thinks the answer is maternity and paternity leave.

In her opinion, although companies offer time off packages for employees, at the same time they establish policies to force employees not take their time off. There is a huge pressure on new or expectant mothers to not take the full advantage of their time off and to come back early from leave. Refusing to do so may lead mothers to be cut off from projects, promotions and raises.

She points out that the paradox in parental leave policies is systematic, and even company CEOs try to encourage their employees to not take their full time off. She mentions Mark Zuckerberg, who only took one eighth of his parental leave time off, and Yahoo’s CEO Marisa Meyer, who only took 6 percent of her maternity leave. She considers the latter a terrible message to Yahoo employees and asks Yahoo to be more transparent about their policy.

She emphasizes the huge gap between the time offered to employees and time taken by employees as a negative matter and points out that a slow trend of changing parental leave polices has started in big companies like Amazon and Google. (Sahar)

Reference:
Dearborn, J. (2016, April 27). Offering paid parental leave is just the start. USA Today. Retrieved September 08, 2016, from http://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/columnist/2016/04/19/offering-paid-parental-leave-just-start-column/83237980/

11. Summary

David Henderson discusses pros and cons of Hillary Clinton’s approach towards parental leave in Forbes. In his opinion, Clinton’s policy for increasing paid parental leave to up to 12 months would backfire on women of child-bearing age. Businesses will have no interest in hiring women of child-bearing age since the increasing parental leave time makes women less valuable and more risky. Henderson then discusses the cost of paid parental leave; in his idea the economic pressure of parental leave would be borne both by people who take advantage of it and also by people who do not. In other words, the cost will be shifted to other employees. He compares paid parental leave to childbirth health insurance policies in the 80s and how this policy caused lower wages in states which required it. Finally, he concludes, the only way in which extended parental leave would not hurt employees is if it is supported by wealthier taxpayers. (Sahar)

Reference:
Henderson, D. (2016, August 26). Paid parental leave is not a free lunch. Forbes. Retrieved September 14, 2016, from http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2016/08/26/paid-parental-leave-is-not-a-free-lunch/#53cfb77c19eb

12. Summary

Kathryn Mayer starts her article in EBN by mentioning parental leave as “one of the most obvious and universally appealing work place benefits.” She points out that the United States is far behind in establishing parental leave policies, in comparison to other developed countries. She also thinks even though some companies offer paid parental leave, employees are afraid to take it. She mentions the result of a survey in which 36% of men would not take parental leave, since they thought taking the leave could be seen as a sign of lack of commitment. She concludes her article by pointing out the importance of parental leave in work-life balance and how parental leave policies can turn work places in to a more comfortable space. (Sahar)

Reference:
Mayer, K. (2016, September 15). Views: Parental leave part of a bigger picture. Retrieved September 15, 2016, from http://www.benefitnews.com/opinion/parental-leave-part-of-a-bigger-picture

13. Summary 1

According to this article, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg took a parental leave of two months, which is much longer than most new parents could have in America, after he and his wife had a daughter. This became an example for the employees in his company, his followers on Facebook, and other executives according to this article.

Parental leave is beneficial to child, mother, father, and gender balance. About one fifth of the companies in the USA provide parental leave that is mostly less than two weeks. However, a lot of new fathers choose to not use it, because they are afraid of being punished including incredulous questions, unfair demotion, and losing jobs. High-powered bosses taking parental leave, in addition to changing policies, is the key to promoting parental leave. (Yu Hua)

Reference:
Garcia, P. (2016, January 7). Why Mark Zuckerberg’s paternity leave is beneficial for all working dads—and moms. Vogue. Retrieved on Sept. 8, 2016, from http://www.vogue.com/13385201/mark-zuckerberg-paternity-leave/

14. Summary 2

According to this article, Silicon Valley likes to have a work-all-the-time moral rule by having on-campus dining, laundry services, and gyms. Everything, except kids, is taken care of in companies, so workers seem to never need to go home.

Considering kids, a lot of tech companies in Silicon Valley, including Facebook, Google, Microsoft, Adobe, and Netflix, offer paid parental leave generously. This is provided not because the companies are nice, but because it is good for both employees and employers. Silicon Valley is trying to support and keep current workers, attract excellent potential employees, increase the diversity of workforces in gender perspective, reflect more inclusive company culture, and get great return on offering expensive benefits in the long run. Other companies outside of Silicon Valley may follow and extend their policies when they start to look forward in the future. (Yu Hua)

Reference:
Greenberg, J. (2015, August 13). Tech’s selfish reasons for offering more parental leave. Wired. Retrieved on Sept. 13, 2016, from https://www.wired.com/2015/08/techs-selfish-reasons-offering-parental-leave/

15. Summary 3

According to this article, Donald Trump announced a proposal of paid maternity leave for six weeks, which has never been done by previous Republican presidential nominees. This got people’s attention. However, the proposal fails to meet Americans’ true need. First, it talks about maternity leave with no consideration of new fathers at all, which is not fair and not good for children, moms, or dads. Second, six weeks is too little, since a lot of people’s expectation is four months, which is what many modern companies are offering. Third, it does not include cases when we need to stay with spouses, parents, or other essential family members. In conclusion, Trump’s proposal has a lot of space for improvement. (Yu Hua)

Reference:
Bethell, K. (2016, September 15). What Trump’s parental leave policy is missing. CNN. Retrieved on Sept. 15, 2016, from http://www.cnn.com/2016/09/14/opinions/paid-parental-leave-katie-bethell/